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InfoMagic Standards 1994 January
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InfoMagic Standards - January 1994.iso
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.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
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.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
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\v | 5i'
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\s12PART\ II
\v'4P'
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBRecommendations E.500 to E.600\fR \v'2P'
.EF '% \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTRAFFIC\ ENGINEERING\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 29P
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 10P
.LP
.EF '% \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\ \fR PAGE 70 = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 1
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBMEASUREMENT\ AND\ RECORDING\ OF\ TRAFFIC\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation E.500\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTRAFFIC\ INTENSITY\ MEASUREMENT\ PRINCIPLES\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.500''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.500 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
1.1
Traffic measurements provide the data base from which the
planning, operation, management and, in some cases, accounting for transit
considerations of the telephone network are carried out. Different applications
may exist for the same traffic measurement.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.2
This Recommendation gives the principles for measuring carried
traffic and bids on circuit groups and exchanges. The number of bids and
preferably also carried traffic intensity should also be determined by
individual relations (destinations). Data so obtained are applied both for
operation and planning. Recommendation\ E.501 gives methods for estimating
.LP
offered traffic from carried traffic measurements. Recommendation\ E.502
describes exchange requirements for traffic measurements both in national
and international exchanges. Recommendation\ E.525 describes the traffic
data
analysis. Recommendation\ E.506 gives methods for forecasting future traffic
requirements. The remainder of the E.500\ Series of Recommendations describes
how to utilize this data base in the operation and planning of telephone
networks.
.PP
The measurements required for network management as described in the E.410\
Series are generally similar to those described in this
Recommendation. They will usually require a variable and shorter reporting
interval.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBDefinitions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A \fBmeasurement of the amount of traffic carried\fR is the average Erlang
value during a certain period of time (e.g.\ 15\ min., 1\ hour).
.PP
A \fBmeasurement of the number of bids\fR is a count of this entity
during a certain period of time.
.PP
Measurements are taken continuously during the day or with exclusion of
known low traffic periods. The set of days at which measurement has been
taken is called the \fImeasurement days\fR .
.PP
In the \fByearly continuous measurement\fR the measurement days are
post\(hyselected from a base period with a length of the whole year. The
post\(hyselected days include the peak intensity values measured during
the base period.
.PP
In the \fByearly non\(hycontinuous measurement\fR the measurement days
are scheduled (pre\(hyselected) from a base period of a few months. The
pre\(hyselected days include the high load days of expectation or of earlier
observations.
.bp
.PP
A traffic profile is defined to be \fIstable\fR when the individual daily
traffic profiles differ only little in shape and traffic volume between
each
other.
.PP
A traffic profile is defined to be \fIunstable\fR | hen the individual
daily traffic profiles differ in shape or traffic volume between each
other.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBOverview\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Circuit group dimensioning is based on a congestion objective, on the traffic
intensity values at high load time and on the forecast value of
intensity until the next augmentation of circuits. Intensity is measured
during a daily busy hour and averaged over a number of days, to avoid exceptional
values.
.PP
If traffic measurements are taken every day of the year (yearly
continuous measurements), the required averages can be calculated directly
as described in \(sc\ 4. If traffic measurements are taken only during
a limited
number of days in the year (yearly non\(hycontinuous measurements), the
equivalent traffic loads may be estimated using the procedures given in
\(sc\ 5.
.PP
The busy hour concept is an important aspect of teletraffic
engineering and may be applied in a number of ways. In the E.500\ Series of
Recommendations the busy hour traffic used is an average of several days
with, in some cases, an allowance for day to day variations (Recommendation\
E.521).
.PP
Within the busy hour, traffic is considered to be stationary and thus the
recorded intensity is the mean value during the busy hour.
.PP
The recommended standard method of calculating the daily average
requires \fIcontinuously\fR | easuring all quarter hours for \fIall\fR
days concerned and selecting the busiest hour in the average profile for
all days. This method is called the Time\(hyConsistent Busy Hour\ (TCBH)
and is described in detail in \(sc\ 6. This method is most valuable in
situations of stable traffic profiles. The daily continuous measurements
provide the data necessary for confirming profile stability.
.PP
Another method of arriving at the representative average busy hour
also involves \fIcontinuously\fR | easuring all quarter hours, but only
the busiest hour of \fIeach day\fR is retained for averaging. This method
is called the
Average Daily Peak Hour\ (ADPH) and is described in detail in \(sc\ 6
together with the relation of\ ADPH results to TCBH\ results.
.PP
The advantages of ADPH are that it requires less data storage and
manipulation than TCBH and that it gives a more representative value in the
situation of unstable traffic profiles.
.PP
In some situations Administrations do not measure traffic
\fIcontinuously\fR | ver the day, but only for the hour or few hours expected
to be busiest. This method is called the Fixed Daily Measurement Period\
(FDMP) or Fixed
Daily Measurement Hour\ (FDMH) and is described in detail in \(sc\ 7
together with the relation of FDMP results to TCBH results.
.PP
The advantage of FDMP is that it requires less measurement resources than
TCBH or ADPH. The disadvantage is that in individual situations the
difference between FDMP and TCBH results may vary widely.
.PP
In some network situations significant savings can be made by
multihour dimensioning (e.g.\ cluster engineering, time zone differences).
This requires daily continuous measurements.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBYearly continuous measurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Traffic statistics should be measured for the significant period of each
day of the whole year. The significant period may in principle be 24\ hours
of the day.
.PP
The measurements for computing normal traffic load should be the
30\ highest days in a fixed 12\(hymonth period. Normally these will be working
days, but in some cases separate weekend or tariff\(hyrelated period measurements
should be examined so that Administrations can agree bilaterally on appropriate
measures to maintain a reasonable grade of service (GOS) for weekends and
tariff\(hyrelated
.bp
.PP
periods. Recurring exceptional days (e.g.\ Christmas,
Mother's
Day,\ etc.) should be excluded for network dimensioning purposes
although the data should be collected for network management purposes
(Recommendation\ E.410). This method gives traffic information of relatively
high accuracy and is suitable for circuits groups operated automatically or
semiautomatically.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fINormal and high load levels\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Teletraffic performance objectives and dimensioning practices
generally set objectives for two sets of traffic load conditions.
.PP
A normal traffic load can be considered the typical operating
condition of a network for which subscribers service expectations should be
met.
.PP
A high traffic load can be considered a less frequently encountered
operating condition of a network for which normal subscriber expectations
would not be met but for which a reduced level of performance should be
achieved to prevent excessive repeat calling and spread of network congestion.
.PP
In order to estimate normal and high load levels, offered traffic
intensity values should, where necessary, be estimated from daily carried
traffic measurements. Estimation procedures are presented in
Recommendation\ E.501.
.PP
Normal and high loads are defined in Table\ 1/E.500.
.RT
.LP
.sp 2
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.500]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 1/E.500
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(228p) .
Circuit groups
_
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
Parameter Normal load High load
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
Carried traffic intensity {
Mean of the 30 highest working days during a 12\(hymonth period.
} {
Mean of the five highest days in the same period as normal
load.
}
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
Number of bids {
Mean of the same 30 days on which the offered traffic intensities are
highest.
} {
Mean of same five days on which the offered traffic intensities are the
highest.
}
_
.T&
cw(228p) .
Exchanges
_
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(84p) | cw(84p) .
Parameter Normal load High load
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
Carried traffic intensity {
Mean of the ten highest days during a 12\(hymonth period.
} {
Mean of the five highest days in the same period as
normal load.
}
_
.T&
lw(60p) | lw(84p) | lw(84p) .
Number of bids {
Mean of the same ten highest days (not necessarily the same as the highest
offered traffic days) during a 12\(hymonth period.
} {
Mean of the five highest days (not necessarily the same as the highest
offered traffic days) in the same period as normal
load.
}
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 1/E.500 [T1.500], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBYearly non\(hycontinuous measurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This method consists in taking measurements on a limited
sample of days in each year. Limited sample measurements will normally
be taken on working days, but Administrations may agree bilaterally to
measure weekend or reduced tariff periods separately.
.PP
Any Administration proposing to use a yearly non\(hycontinuous
measurement procedure is advised to confer with other end Administrations to
ensure that the maximum information is available to assist in the choice of
measurement days. For example, if the other end Administration has continuous
measurement capability it may be possible to identify busy seasons or
consistent low\(hytraffic days.
.PP
Table 2/E.500 shows the results of a study carried out on circuit
groups within a large metropolitan network\ [1]. The errors shown are the
under\(hyestimates resulting if average busy hour carried traffic intensity is
measured over a pre\(hydefined two\(hyweek period of the year, rather than
the actual busiest two\(hyweek period. (The pre\(hydefined period was,
in fact, the peak period of the preceding year.)
.PP
The error averages 7.6% more or less, depending on circuit group size.
Had an Administration wished to estimate the true peak two\(hyweek intensity
with 90% confidence, starting with the pre\(hydefined two\(hyweek measurements,
the latter would have had to be increased by amounts ranging from about
14% for large
circuit groups, up to about 31% for small ones. (The magnitude of these
corrections indicates how inadequate a two\(hyweek sample can be as a basis for
network planning.)
.RT
.LP
.sp 3
.ce
\fBH.T. [T2.500]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/E.500
.ce
\fBWeighted mean error and the upper limit of the intensity error class\fR
.ce
.ce
\fBfor a cumulative proportion of circuit groups, categorized\fR
.ce
\fBaccording to traffic intensity\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
Total Low < 10 Erl Medium 10\(hy100 Erl High > 100 Erl
_
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
Circuit groups 2728 1056 1564 110
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
{
Weighted mean error of the intensity value
} \ 7.6% 13.7% \ 7.8% \ 5.2%
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
{
Cumulative proportion of circuit groups
}
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
50% \ 7.9% 12.9% \ 6.9% \ 3.9%
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
80% 16.9% 22.9% 17.9% \ 7.9%
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
90% 23.9% 30.9% 23.9% 13.9%
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
95% 31.9% 37.9% 34.9% 17.9%
.T&
lw(60p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
98% 41.9% 47.9% 40.9% 26.9%
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 2 [T2.500], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 3
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2
\fIEstimation method\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An approximate statistical method for estimating
normal and high load levels from limited sample measurements is provided
below.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.1
\fIPrinciple of estimation method\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measurements are taken on a limited sample of days, and the
mean\ (\fIM\fR ) and standard deviation\ (\fIS\fR ) of the daily busy hour
traffic loads are calculated. Normal and high load level estimates\ (\fIL\fR
) are given by:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIL\fR = \fIM\fR + \fIk\fR \(mu \fIS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
different values of the factor \fIk\fR | eing used for normal and high load
levels.
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
[Unable to convert formula]
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where
.LP
\fIX\fR\d\fIi\fR\u | is the time\(hyconsistent busy hour traffic measured
on the \fIi\fR th day,
\v'6p'
.LP
\fIM\fR =
[Unable to convert formula ]
\fIX\fR \d\fIi\fR \u\ \
is the sample mean, and
.LP
.sp 1
\fIn\fR | s the number of measurement days.
.PP
If the measurement period is less than 30 days then the estimate will not
be very reliable. In this case Administrations should, if possible,
carry out special measurement studies to determine typical values of the
standard deviation (e.g.\ as a function of the sample mean).
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.2
\fIBase period for measurements\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is important to determine the \*Qbase period\*U since the length of
this period influences the values assigned to the multiplication factors\
\fIk\fR .
.PP
The base period is the set of valid days in each year from which
measurement days are preselected. This period should include all days which
are potential candidates for being among the 30\ highest days (but excluding
recurring exceptional days \(em\ see \(sc\ 4).
.PP
The base period may be restricted to a busy season (which need not
necessarily comprise a set of consecutive weeks) provided that the traffic
is known to be consistently higher during this period than during the remainder
of the year.
.PP
The base period may be the whole year, but Administrations may also
decide to exclude known low\(hytraffic days.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.3
\fISelection of measurement days\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measurement days should be distributed reasonably evenly throughout the
base period. If the base period extends over the whole year then the
measurement sample should include some days from the busiest part of the
year, if these are known. The limited sample should comprise at least 30\
days to
.PP
ensure reliable estimates. If this is not possible, then a minimum of
10\ measurement days may be used. In this case the reliability of the estimate
is poor.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.4
\fIMultiplication factors\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Multiplication factors \fIk\fR | or 5\(hyday, 10\(hyday, and 30\(hyday load
levels are given by the curves in Figure\ 1/E.500, as a function of the
number of days in the base period. These factors are derived from tables of
order statistics from the normal distribution\ [2].
.PP
When the base period extends over the whole year these factors may not
always be reliable because of the effects of differing seasonal patterns.
Individual Administrations may then prefer to use different values for the
factors, if they have obtained more precise information from special
measurement studies.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 25P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/E.500, p\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.5
\fIExample\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The following data illustrate the application of this procedure to the
estimation of normal and high load levels from non\(hycontinuous measurements
on a circuit group over a 1\(hyyear period.
.PP
After excluding holidays and other known low traffic periods the base period
which is available for measurement purposes is determined to be
220\ days. The \fIk\fR \(hyfactors to be used are therefore\ (from Figure\
1/E.500):
.RT
.LP
Normal
(30\(hyday) load level: \fIk\fR \ =\ 1.6
.LP
High
(\ 5\(hyday) load level: \fIk\fR \ =\ 2.3
.PP
Measurements are taken on 50 days within the base period. The
daily measured busy\(hyhour traffic values, in Erlangs, are as follows:
.LP
.sp 1
.ce
\fBH.T. [T3.500]\fR
.ce
\ \ \
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) .
21.5 20.5 18.7 15.0 18.4 21.6 18.1 24.2 26.7 22.1
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) .
21.8 17.8 17.2 19.8 15.2 20.4 16.7 20.6 23.1 23.5
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) .
19.6 18.1 21.3 15.9 15.9 17.8 17.4 20.9 25.9 20.6
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) .
20.9 19.2 17.6 12.9 14.2 18.1 16.9 24.2 22.2 26.8
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(18p) .
22.5 22.8 19.3 19.1 18.7 19.8 18.0 26.0 22.5 27.5
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable [T3.500], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.PP
The sample mean and standard deviation are:
.LP
\fIM\fR \ =\ 20.11
.LP
\fIS\fR \ =\ \ 3.37
.PP
The normal and high load level estimates are then calculated from \fIL\fR
\ =\ \fIM\fR + \fIk\fR | (mu | fIS\fR to give:
.LP
Normal\ load
=\ 25.5 Erlangs
.LP
High load
=\ 27.9 Erlangs
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.6
\fIHigh to normal traffic ratios\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In some circumstances, actual values of high day loads are not
available. In such cases, various Administrations use standard ratios of
high to normal load for forecasting for design or planning purposes.
.PP
For example, as a general order of magnitude, the following ratios of high
to normal load may be used as a guide for a healthy network:
.RT
.LP
\fIParameter\fR \fICircuit groups\fR \fIExchanges\fR
.LP
Offered\ traffic\ intensity
1.2
1.1
.LP
Number\ of\ call\ attempts
1.4
1.2
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBDaily continuous measurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6.1
\fIMeasurement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is recommended that Administrations take traffic measurements
continuously over the day throughout the measurement period.
.PP
Depending on the application, a busy hour value for dimensioning
should
be calculated as the peak value of the mean day profile or the average of
daily peak values.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6.2
\fITime\(hyconsistent busy hour\fR \fI(TCBH)\(hyintensity\fR
\fI(post\(hyselected)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For a number of days, carried traffic values for each quarter hour for
each day are recorded. The values for the same quarter hour each day are
averaged.
.PP
The four consecutive quarter\(hyhours in this average day which together
give the largest sum of observed values form the\ TCBH with its TCBH\(hyintensity.
This is sometimes referred to as post\(hyselected TCBH.
.PP
In the case where a stable traffic profile exists, the TCBH\(hyintensity
is used as a base method for dimensioning; if measurement methods yielding
systematically lower or higher intensity values than the TCBH\(hymethod
are used, adjustments to the calculations are needed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6.3
\fIAverage of the daily peak hours traffic\fR , \fIdefined on\fR
\fIquarter hour or on full hour basis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
To find the average of daily peak quarterly defined hour (ADPQH) intensity,
the traffic intensity is measured continuously over a day in
quarter\(hyhour periods. The intensity values are processed daily to find out
.PP
the four consecutive quarter hours with the highest intensity value sum.
Only this
daily peak hour traffic intensity value is registered. The average is taken
over a number of working days peak intensities. The timing of peak intensity
normally varies from day to day.
.PP
To find the average of daily peak full hour (ADPFH) intensity, the traffic
intensity is measured continuously over a day in full\(hyhour periods.
Only the highest of these intensity values is registered. The average is
taken over a number of days peak intensities.
.PP
The comparative measurements have shown that the traffic intensity
values measured by the ADPFH\(hymethod, are very consistent with the values
measured by the TCBH\(hymethod, whereas the ADPQH\(hymethod yields slightly\
(a few
percent) higher values. (See Annex\ A.) ADPH has an advantage over TCBH when
traffic profiles are unstable.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6.4
\fIAlternate routing networks\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When alternate routing is used, the dimensioning methods in
Recommendation\ E.522 should be applied\ (multi\(hyhour dimensioning technique).
In general this requires the continuous measurement of a 24\(hyhour profile
for each traffic quantity in the alternative routing cluster.
.PP
In Annex A the differences in results between busy hours defined for individual
circuit groups and for clusters indicate the advantage of continuous measurements
and multi\(hyhour dimensioning for alternative routing networks.
.PP
In circumstances where the traffic profiles are stable and similar in the
whole cluster, the multi\(hyhour dimensioning may be applied on a few selected
hours of significance to the entire cluster. The stability of traffic profiles
must be confirmed.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB7\fR \fBDaily non\(hycontinuous measurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7.1
\fIMeasurement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Some Administrations may find it necessary or economically
attractive to restrict measurements to a few hours or only one hour per day.
Such measurements will always be less accurate than continuous measurements.
The resulting busy hour values will always be less than or equal to TCBH.
.PP
The time of fixed daily measurements should be confirmed several times
a year by measurement of the full daily traffic profile for every circuit
group. The measurement can cover several periods daily, as well.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7.2
\fIFixed daily measurement period (FDMP)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
With this method measurements are taken within a fixed period
(e.g.\ of 3\ hours) each day. This period should correspond to the highest
part of the traffic profile, which is expected to include the\ TCBH. Measurement
values are accumulated separately for each quarter\(hyhour, and the busiest
hour is determined at the end of the measurement period, as for the\ TCBH.
This
method will normally give results which are about 95% of the TCBH traffic
level, when
the time of fixed daily measurement is defined for every single circuit
group, although major changes in the traffic profile could lead to larger
errors.
.PP
In alternate routing networks with traffic profiles that are similar and
stable in the whole cluster, FDMP may be used to produce measurements for
multi\(hyhour dimensioning applied on a few selected hours of significance.
The
stability of traffic profiles should be confirmed several times a
year.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7.3
\fIFixed daily measurement hour (FDMH)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If the fixed daily measurement period is reduced to 1\ hour, then
it is only necessary to accumulate a single measured value from each day.
This is the simplest measurement method, and it will normally give results
which are about 90% of the TCBH traffic value, when the time of the fixed
daily
measurement is
.PP
defined for single circuit groups individually. However, the variations
around the average are large.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB8\fR \fBFlow chart for the application of the different calculation
methods\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The decisions represented in Figure 2/E.500 compare measurement and analysis
costs to variations in the results for a single circuit group or
cluster. The costs are particular to each Administration.
.PP
The preceding sections of this Recommendation indicate the amount of measurement
variance that can occur in typical situations which can result in overprovisioning
or a risk of poor grade of service.
.PP
In cluster engineering for alternative routing networks, measurements outside
the busy hour are normally needed if the traffic profile is unstable. In
situations of stable traffic load the significant traffic hours can be
predicted accurately, allowing use of a FDMP\ method.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 35P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation E.500)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBExample of\fR
\fBinfluence of different busy hour definitions on\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBmeasured traffic intensity\fR
.ce 0
.LP
A.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The influence of different busy hour definitions on measured
traffic intensity has been investigated by means of measurements on real
traffic outgoing from an international exchange.
.PP
Three clusters with a total of 15 circuit groups have been studied.
One of the clusters (Cluster\ 1) carries traffic between different time zones.
.PP
Traffic per quarter of an hour was measured during the whole day in
5\ two\(hyweek periods\ (10\ consecutive working days). The total elapsed time
covered 9\ months.
.bp
.PP
From the results of the first two\(hyweek period of daily continuous
measurements the times of\ FDMH and FDMP\ have been determined:
.RT
.LP
\(em
for each circuit group individually (ind),
.LP
\(em
per cluster (clu), and
.LP
\(em
for all three clusters commonly (com).
.PP
The time of FDMH is equal to the time of TCBH in the first
two\(hyweek period. FDMP includes FDMH and the hour before and the hour after.
.sp 1P
.LP
A.2
\fIResults of measurements\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The results of the measurements undertaken are summarized in
Figures\ A\(hy1/E.500 to\ A\(hy5/E.500.
.PP
Figure A\(hy1/E.500 shows how the starting time of TCBH varies between
the five measurement periods:
.RT
.LP
\(em
for each cluster, and
.LP
\(em
for individual circuit groups in each
cluster.
.PP
The following observations on the starting time of TCBH can be
made:
.LP
\(em
the starting time of TCBH is the same in not more than
2\ periods. This refers to both circuit groups and clusters;
.LP
\(em
5 circuit groups and 1 cluster have different TCBH in all
periods;
.LP
\(em
8 circuit groups and 2 clusters have TCBH within the same
part of the day\ (morning or evening) in all periods;
.LP
\(em
TCBH common to all clusters is in the evening in all periods. Only 2\
periods have the same common TCBH.
.PP
In Figures A\(hy2/E.500 to A\(hy5/E.500 traffic intensities according to
different busy
hour definitions have been compared. Traffic intensity according to the TCBH
definition has been used as reference value\ (corresponding to 100% in the
figures).
.PP
Figure A\(hy2/E.500 shows the results of comparisons on a cluster level,
and Figures\ A\(hy3/E.500 to A\(hy5/E.500 on a circuit group level.
.PP
Means and variations of traffic intensities are given as:
.RT
.LP
\(em
an average of all five periods (ADPQH and ADPFH), and
.LP
\(em
an average of measurement periods 2, 3, 4 and 5 compared with period\
1\ (FDMH and FDMP).
.sp 1P
.LP
A.3
\fIResults on cluster level (Figure A\(hy2/E.500)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
ADPQH
intensities over 100%, mean = 102%.
.LP
ADPFH
intensities around 100%, mean = 100%.
.LP
FDMP\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIl\fR\\d\fIu\fR\u intensities from 95 to 100%,
mean = 99%.
.LP
FDMH\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIl\fR\\d\fIu\fR\u intensities from 90 to 98%,
mean = 94%.
.LP
FDMP\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIo\fR\\d\fIm\fR\u intensities from 42 to 100%,
mean = 89%.
.LP
FDMH\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIo\fR\\d\fIm\fR\u intensities from 35 to 93%,
mean = 83%.
.sp 1P
.LP
A.4
\fIResults on circuit group level (Figures A\(hy3/E.500 to A\(hy5/E.500)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
ADPQH
intensities over 100%, mean = 104%.
.LP
ADPFH
intensities around 100%, mean = 100%.
.LP
FDMP\fI\fI\d\fIi\fR\\d\fIn\fR\\d\fId\fR\u intensities from 88 to 100%,
mean = 99%.
.LP
FDMH\fI\fI\d\fIi\fR\\d\fIn\fR\\d\fId\fR\u intensities from 80 to 100%,
mean = 93%.
.LP
FDMP\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIl\fR\\d\fIu\fR\u intensities from 51 to 100%,
mean = 98%.
.LP
FDMH\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIl\fR\\d\fIu\fR\u intensities from 45 to 99%,
mean = 91%.
.LP
FDMP\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIo\fR\\d\fIm\fR\u intensities from 24 to 100%,
mean = 89%.
.LP
FDMH\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\\d\fIo\fR\\d\fIm\fR\u intensities from 14 to 99%,
mean = 81%.
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 18P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy1/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 12P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy2/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 15P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy3/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 20P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy4/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 20P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy5/E.500, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
PARVIALA (A.): The stability of telephone traffic intensity profiles
and its influence on measurement schedules and dimensioning (with Appendix).
11th International Teletraffic Congress, Kyoto\ 1985.
.LP
[2]
Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Table 9, Vol. 2.
\fICambridge University Press\fR ,\ 1972.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation E.501\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBESTIMATION\ OF\ TRAFFIC\ OFFERED\ IN\ THE\ INTERNATIONAL\ NETWORK\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.501''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.501 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
For planning the growth of the international network the following quantities
must be estimated from measurements:
.RT
.LP
\(em
traffic offered to international circuit groups,
.LP
\(em
traffic offered to destinations, on a point\(hyto\(hypoint basis,
.LP
\(em
traffic offered to international exchanges,
.LP
\(em
call attempts offered to international exchanges,
.LP
\(em
traffic offered to signalling links.
.PP
(The term \*Qtraffic offered\*U as used here is different from the
\*Qequivalent traffic offered\*U used in the pure lost call model, which
is defined in Annex\ B.)
.PP
These quantities are normally estimated from measurements of busy\(hyhour
carried traffic and call attempts, but there are a number of factors which
may need to be taken into account within the measurement and estimation
procedures:
.RT
.LP
a)
Measurements may need to be subdivided, e.g. on a
destination basis, or by call type\ (for example, calls using different
signalling systems).
.LP
b)
It may not be possible to obtain a complete record of
traffic carried. For example, in a network with high usage and final groups
it may not be possible to measure the traffic overflowing from each high
usage
group.
.LP
c)
Measurements may be affected by congestion. This will
generally result in a decrease in traffic carried, but the decrease may be
affected
by customer repeat attempts and by the actions\ (for example, automatic
repeat attempts) of other network components.
.LP
d)
When high levels of congestion persist for a lengthy period (many days),
some customers may avoid making calls during the congested
period of each day. This apparent missing component of offered traffic
is known as suppressed traffic. It should be taken into account in planning
since the
offered traffic will increase when the equipment is augmented. At present,
suitable algorithms for estimating suppressed traffic have not been
defined.
.PP
Three situations should be distinguished:
.LP
i)
congestion upstream of the measurement point. This is not
directly observable;
.LP
ii)
congestion due to the measured equipment. Congestion
measurements should be used to detect this;
.LP
iii)
congestion downstream of the measurement point. This can often be detected
from measurements of ineffective traffic or completion ratio. Note that
where groups are bothway, congestion elsewhere in the network may be both
upstream and downstream of the measurement point for different parcels
of traffic.
.PP
When congestion is due to the measured equipment this must be
properly accounted for in the estimation of traffic offered, which is used
for planning the growth of the measured equipment.
.PP
When congestion arises elsewhere in the network the planner needs
to consider whether the congestion will remain throughout the considered
planning period. This may be difficult if he does not have control of the
congested equipment.
.PP
This Recommendation presents estimation procedures for two of the
situations described above. \(sc\ 2 deals with the estimation of traffic
offered to a fully\(hyoperative only\(hyroute circuit group which may be in
significant congestion. \(sc\ 3 deals with a high\(hyusage and final group
arrangement with no significant congestion. These estimation procedures
should be applied to individual busy\(hyhour measurements. The resulting
estimates of
traffic offered in each hour should then be accumulated according to the
procedures described in Recommendation\ E.500.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBOnly\(hyroute circuit group\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB\fR 2.1
\fINo significant congestion\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Traffic offered will equal traffic carried measured according to
Recommendation\ E.500. No estimation is required.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fISignificant congestion\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Let \fIA\fR\d\fIc\fR\ube the \fItraffic carried\fR | n the circuit
group. Then on the assumption that augmentation of the circuit group would
have no effect on the mean holding time of calls carried, or on the
completion ratio of calls carried, the \fItraffic offered\fR to the
circuit group may be expressed as
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR = \fIA\fR\d\fIc\fR\u
@ { 1~\(em~\fIWB\fR ) } over { 1~\(em~\fIB\fR ) } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where \fIB\fR | s the present average loss probability for all call attempts
to
the considered circuit group, and \fIW\fR is a parameter representing the
effect of call repetitions. Models for \fIW\fR are presented in Annex\
A.
.LP
.PP
To facilitate the quick determination of offered traffic according to the
approximate procedure in Annex\ A, Table\ A\(hy1/E.501 including numerical
values of the factor\ (1\ \(em\ \fIWB\fR )/(1\ \(em\ \fIB\fR ) was prepared
for a wide range
of\ \fIB\fR , \fIH\fR and\ \fIr\fR ` (for the definition of \fIH\fR and
\fIr\fR `,
see Annex\ A). For the use of Table\ A\(hy1/E.501, see Note\ 2 in
Annex\ A.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Annex A gives a derivation of this relationship, and
also describes a more complex model which may be of use when measurements of
completion ratios are available.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ When measurements of completion ratios are not available
a \fIW\fR | alue may be selected from the range\ 0.6\(hy0.9. It should
be noted that a
lower value of\ \fIW\fR corresponds to a higher estimate of traffic offered.
Administrations are encouraged to exchange the values of\ \fIW\fR that
they propose to use.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ Administrations should maintain records of data collected
before and after augmentations of circuit groups. This data will enable
a check on the validity of the above formula, and on the validity of the
value of\ \fIW\fR used.
.PP
\fINote\ 4\fR \ \(em\ In order to apply this formula it is normally assumed
that the circuit group is in a fully operative condition, or that any faulty
circuits have been taken out of service. If faulty circuits, or faulty
transmission or signalling equipment associated with these circuits remain
in service, then the formula may give incorrect results.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBHigh\(hyusage/final network arrangement\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fIHigh\(hyusage group with no significant congestion on the\fR
\fIfinal group\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.1.1
Where a relation is served by a high\(hyusage and final group
arrangement, it is necessary to take simultaneous measurements on both
circuit groups.
.PP
Let \fIA\fR\d\fIH\fR\ube the traffic carried on the high\(hyusage group, and
\fIA\fR\d\fIF\fR\uthe traffic overflowing from this high\(hyusage group
and carried on the final group. With no significant congestion on the final
group, the traffic
offered to the high\(hyusage group is:
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR = \fIA\fR\d\fIH\fR\u+ \fIA\fR\d\fIF\fR\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
3.1.2
Two distinct types of procedure are recommended, each with several
possible approaches. The method given in \(sc\ 3.1.2.1\ a) is preferred
because it is the most accurate, although it may be the most difficult
to apply. The
methods of \(sc\ 3.1.2.2 may be used as additional estimates.
.bp
.PP
3.1.2.1
Simultaneous measurements are taken of \fIA\fR\d\fIH\fR\uand the total
traffic carried on the final group. Three methods are given for estimating
\fIA\fR\d\fIF\fR\u, in decreasing order of preference:
.LP
a)
\fIA\fR\d\fIF\fR\uis measured directly. In most circumstances this may
be achieved by measuring traffic carried on the final group on a destination
basis.
.LP
b)
The total traffic carried on the final group is broken down by destination
in proportion to the number of effective calls to each
destination.
.LP
c)
The traffic carried on the final group is broken down
according to ratios between the bids from the high\(hyusage groups and
the total number of bids to the final group.
.PP
3.1.2.2
Two alternative methods are given for estimating the traffic
offered to the high\(hyusage group, which in this circumstance equals the
equivalent traffic offered:
.LP
a)
\fIA\fR | s estimated from the relationship
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR\d\fIH\fR\u= \fIA\fR [1\ \(em\ \fIE\fR\d\fIN\fR\u(\fIA\fR )]
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
Here \fIE\fR\d\fIN\fR\u(\fIA\fR ) is the Erlang loss formula, \fIN\fR
| s the number of working circuits on the high\(hyusage group. The estimation
may be made by an iterative computer program, or manually by the use of
tables or
graphs.
.LP
The accuracy of this method may be adversely affected by the
non\(hyrandomness of the offered traffic, intensity variation during the
measurement period, or use of an incorrect value for\ \fIN\fR .
.LP
b)
\fIA\fR | s estimated from
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR = \fIA\fR\d\fIH\fR\u/(1\ \(em\ \fIB\fR )
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.LP
where \fIB\fR | s the measured overflow probability. The accuracy of
this method may be adversely affected by the presence of repeat bids generated
by the exchange if they are included in the circuit group bid register.
.PP
It is recommended to apply both methods a) and b); any
significant discrepancy would then require further investigation. It should
be noted however that both of these methods may become unreliable for high\(hyusage
groups with high overflow probability: in this situation a longer measurement
period may be required for reliable results.
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIHigh\(hyusage group with significant congestion on the final group\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In this case, estimation of the traffic offered requires a
combination of the methods of \(sc\(sc\ 2.2 and\ 3.1. A proper understanding
of the
different parameters, through further study, is required before a detailed
procedure can be recommended.
\v'6p'
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation E.501)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBA simplified model for the formula presented in \(sc 2.2\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
The call attempts arriving at the considered circuit group may be classified
as shown in Figure\ A\(hy1/E.501.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The total call attempt rate at the circuit group is
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIN\fR = \fIN\fR\d0\u+ \fIN\fR\d\fIN\fR\\d\fIR\fR\u+ \fIN\fR\d\fIL\fR\\d\fIR\fR\u.
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
We must consider \fIN\fR\d0\u+ \fIN\fR\d\fIN\fR\\d\fIR\fR\uwhich would
be the call
attempt rate if there were no congestion on the circuit group.
.bp
.PP
Let
.PP
\fIB\fR =
@ { fIN~\dL\u\fR } over { fIN\fR } @ = measured blocking probability on the
circuit group.
.PP
\fIW\fR =
@ { fIN~\dLR~\u\fR } over { fIN~\dL\u\fR } @ = proportion of blocked call
attempts that re\(hyattempt.
.PP
We have
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIN\fR \d0\u + \fIN
\dNR
\u\fR = \fIN\fR \(em \fIN
\dLR
\u\fR = (\fIN\fR \(em
\fIN
\dLR
\u\fR )
@ { fIN~\dc\u\fR } over { fIN~\dc\u\fR } @
= \fIN
\dc\u\fR
@ { \fIN\fR~\(em~\fIN~\dLR~\u\fR ) } over { \fIN\fR~\(em~\fIN~\dL\u\fR ) } @
= \fIN
\dc\u\fR
@ { 1~\(em~\fIBW\fR ) } over { 1~\(em~\fIB\fR ) } @ .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.rs
.sp 27P
.ad r
\fBFIGURE A\(hy1/E.501, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Multiplying by the mean holding time of calls carried on the
circuit group, \fIh\fR , | ives
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR = \fIA
\dc\u\fR @ { 1~\(em~\fIBW\fR ) } over { 1~\(em~\fIB\fR ) } @ ,
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.LP
where
.LP
\fIA\fR\d\fIc\fR\u | the traffic carried on the circuit group.
.PP
The above model is actually a simplification since the rate
\fIN\fR\d\fIN\fR\\d\fIR\fR\uwould be changed by augmentation of the circuit
group.
.bp
.PP
An alternative procedure is to estimate an equivalent persistence \fIW\fR
from the following formulae:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIW\fR =
@ { fIr\fR~` | fIH\fR } over { ~\(em~\fIH\fR (1~\(em~\fIr\fR~` ) } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIH\fR =
@ { (*b~\(em~1 } over { (*b(1~\(em~\fIr\fR ) } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\(*b =
@ { ll~call~attempts } over { irst~call~attempts } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where \fIr\fR ` is the completion ratio for seizures on the considered
circuit group and \fIr\fR | s the completion ratio for call attempts to
the considered
circuit group.
.PP
These relationships may be derived by considering the situation
after augmentation (see Figure\ A\(hy2/E.501).
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
\fBFIGURE A\(hy2/E.501, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
It is required to estimate \fIN\fR `
\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\u, the
calls to be carried when there is no congestion on the circuit group. This
may be done by establishing relationships between \fIN\fR\d\fIc\fR\uand
\fIN\fR\d0\u(before
augmentation) and between \fIN\fR `
\fI\fI\d\fIc\fR\u, and \fIN\fR\d0\u(after
augmentation), since the first attempt rate \fIN\fR\d0\uis assumed to be
unchanged. We introduce the following parameters:
.PP
\fIH\fR = overall subscriber persistence,
.PP
\fIr\fR ` = completion ratio for seizures on the circuit group.
.PP
Before augmentation:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIH\fR =
@ { fIN~\dNR~\u\fR~+~\fIN~\dLR~\u\fR } over { fIN~\dN\u\fR~+~\fIN~\dL\u\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIr\fR ` =
@ { fIN~\dc\u\fR~\(em~\fIN~\dN\u\fR } over { fIN~\dc\u\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
After augmentation:
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIH\fR =
@ { fIN\fR~`\fI~\d\fR~\fIN\fR~\fIR~\u\fR } over { fIN\fR~`\fI~\d\fR~\fIN\fR~\fI~\u\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIr\fR ` =
@ { fIN\fR~`\fI~\d\fR~\fIc\fR~\fI~\u\fR~\(em~\fIN\fR~`\fI~\d\fR~\fIN\fR~\fI~\u\fR~ } over { fIN\fR~`\fI~\d\fR~\fIc\fR~\fI~\u\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.bp
.PP
It is assumed for simplicity that \fIH\fR | nd \fIr\fR ` are
unchanged by the augmentation. The following two relationships may be readily
derived:
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIN\fR \d0\u =
@ { fIN~\dc\u\fR~[1~\(em~\fIH\fR (1~\(em~\fIr\fR~` ) \(em~\fIr\fR~` | fIBH\fR~] } over { ~\(em~\fIB\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIN\fR \d0\u = \fIN\fR `\fI
\d\fR \fIc\fR \fI
\u\fR [1 \(em \fIH\fR |
(1 \(em \fIr\fR `
)].
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.LP
Hence
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIN\fR `
\fI
\dc\u\fR =
$$3o\fIN
\dc\u\fR |
@ left [ 1~\(em~ left ( { fIr\fR~`\fIH\fR } over { ~\(em~\fIH\fR (1~\(em~~~\fIr\fR~`) } right ) \fIB\fR right ] @
$$1u1 \(em \fIB\fR $$1e
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
.sp 1
On multiplying by the mean call holding time, \fIh\fR , this provides our
estimate of traffic offered in terms of traffic carried.
\v'6p'
.LP
The relationship
\fIH\fR =
@ { (*b~\(em~1 } over { (*b(1~\(em~\fIr\fR ) } @
.LP
.sp 1
is valid both before and after augmentation, as may easily be derived from
the above diagrams.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Other Administrations may be able to provide
information on the call completion ratio to the considered destination
country.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The procedure of estimating the factor \fIW\fR | bove
is based on the assumptions that \fIH\fR , \fIr\fR ` and \fIh\fR remain
unchanged after augmentation. The elimination of congestion in the group
considered leads to a change in\ \fIH\fR and in practical cases this causes
an underestimation of the
factor\ \fIW\fR and consequently an overestimation of offered traffic in
the formula of \(sc\ 2.2. A relevant study in the period\ 1985\(hy88 has
shown that the
overestimation is practically negligible if \fIB\fR \ \(=\ 0.2 and\ \fIr\fR
`\ \(>="\ 0.6. For larger \fIB\fR and smaller \fIr\fR ` values, the overestimation
may be significant unless other factors, not having been taken into account
by the study, do not counteract. Therefore caution is required in using
Table\ A\(hy1/E.501 in
the indicated range. In the case of dynamically developing networks the
overestimation of offered traffic and relevant overprovisioning may be
tolerated, but this may not be the case for stable networks.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 18P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.501]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ A\(hy1/E.501
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(216p) .
{
Values of\
@ { ~\(em~\fIWB\fR } over { ~\(em~\fIB\fR } @
}
.TS
center box ;
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
\fIH\fR = 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
_
.TE
.TS
center box;
lw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) | cw(30p) .
\fIB\fR = 0.1
\fIr`\fR = 0.3 1.0653 1.0584 1.0505 1.0411 1.0300 1.0165
\fIr`\fR = 0.4 1.0574 1.0505 1.0427 1.0340 1.0241 1.0129
\fIr`\fR = 0.5 1.0512 1.0444 1.0370 1.0289 1.0202 1.0105
\fIr`\fR = 0.6 1.0462 1.0396 1.0326 1.0252 1.0173 1.0089
\fIr`\fR = 0.7 1.0421 1.0358 1.0292 1.0223 1.0152 1.0077
\fIr`\fR = 0.8 1.0387 1.0326 1.0264 1.0200 1.0135 1.0068
_
\fIB\fR = 0.2
\fIr`\fR = 0.3 1.1470 1.1315 1.1136 1.0925 1.0675 1.0373
\fIr`\fR = 0.4 1.1293 1.1136 1.0961 1.0765 1.0543 1.0290
\fIr`\fR = 0.5 1.1153 1.1\ \ \ 1.0833 1.0652 1.0454 1.0238
\fIr`\fR = 0.6 1.1041 1.0892 1.0735 1.0568 1.0390 1.0201
\fIr`\fR = 0.7 1.0949 1.0806 1.0657 1.0503 1.0342 1.0174
\fIr`\fR = 0.8 1.0872 1.0735 1.0595 1.0451 1.0304 1.0154
_
\fIB\fR = 0.3
\fIr`\fR = 0.3 1.2521 1.2255 1.1948 1.1587 1.1158 1.0639
\fIr`\fR = 0.4 1.2216 1.1948 1.1648 1.1311 1.0931 1.0498
\fIr`\fR = 0.5 1.1978 1.1714 1.1428 1.1118 1.0779 1.0408
\fIr`\fR = 0.6 1.1785 1.1530 1.1260 1.0974 1.0669 1.0345
\fIr`\fR = 0.7 1.1627 1.1382 1.1127 1.0862 1.0587 1.0299
\fIr`\fR = 0.8 1.1495 1.1260 1.1020 1.0774 1.0522 1.0264
_
\fIB\fR = 0.4
\fIr`\fR = 0.3 1.3921 1.3508 1.3030 1.2469 1.1801 1.0995
\fIr`\fR = 0.4 1.3448 1.3030 1.2564 1.2040 1.1449 1.0775
\fIr`\fR = 0.5 1.3076 1.2666 1.2222 1.1739 1.1212 1.0634
\fIr`\fR = 0.6 1.2777 1.2380 1.1960 1.1515 1.1041 1.0537
\fIr`\fR = 0.7 1.2531 1.2150 1.1754 1.1342 1.0913 1.0466
\fIr`\fR = 0.8 1.2325 1.1960 1.1587 1.1204 1.0813 1.0411
_
\fIB\fR = 0.5
\fIr`\fR = 0.3 1.5882 1.5263 1.4545 1.3703 1.2702 1.1492
\fIr`\fR = 0.4 1.5172 1.4545 1.3846 1.3061 1.2173 1.1162
\fIr`\fR = 0.5 1.4615 1.4\ \ \ 1.3333 1.2608 1.1818 1.0952
\fIr`\fR = 0.6 1.4166 1.3571 1.2941 1.2272 1.1562 1.0806
\fIr`\fR = 0.7 1.3797 1.3225 1.2631 1.2013 1.1369 1.0699
\fIr`\fR = 0.8 1.3488 1.2941 1.2380 1.1807 1.1219 1.0617
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau A\(hy1/E.501 [T1.501], p.13\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ B
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation E.501)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBEquivalent traffic offered\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
In the lost call model the equivalent traffic offered
corresponds to the traffic which produces the observed carried traffic in
accordance with the relation
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIy\fR = \fIA\fR (1 \(em \fIB\fR )
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where
.LP
\fIy\fR |
is the carried traffic,
.LP
\fIA\fR | is the equivalent traffic offered,
.LP
\fIB\fR | is the call congestion through the part of the network
considered.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This is a purely mathematical concept. Physically
it is only possible to detect bids whose effect on occupancies tells whether
these
attempts give rise to very brief seizures or to calls.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The equivalent traffic offered, which is greater
than the traffic carried and therefore greater than the effective traffic,
is greater
than the traffic offered when the subscriber is very persistent.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ \fIB\fR | s evaluated on a purely mathematical basis
so that it is possible to establish a direct relationship between the traffic
carried and call congestion\ \fIB\fR and to dispense with the role of the
equivalent traffic
offered\ \fIA.\fR \v'6p'
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ E.502\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTRAFFIC\ MEASUREMENT\ REQUIREMENTS\ FOR\ SPC\ (ESPECIALLY\ DIGITAL)\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.502''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.502 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTELECOMMUNICATION\ EXCHANGES\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
This Recommendation applies to all SPC (especially digital)
telecommunications exchanges operating in a switched telephone network and
providing basic telephony service. This Recommendation will be the basis for
measurements in an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).
.PP
Traffic measurements on exchanges and surrounding telephone network
provide the data base from which the dimensioning, planning, operation and
management of the telephone network are carried out.
.PP
Information gathered from these measurements can be used
for:
.RT
.LP
\(em
identifying traffic patterns and distributions on a route and destination
basis;
.LP
\(em
determining the amount of traffic in the exchange and the
network;
.LP
\(em
monitoring the continuity of service and the grade of
service.
.PP
The above data and information are gathered with the purpose of
supporting the following fundamental activities:
.LP
a)
dimensioning, planning and administration of the exchange
and surrounding network;
.LP
b)
performance monitoring of the exchange and surrounding
network;
.LP
c)
network management;
.LP
d)
operation and maintenance of the exchange and surrounding
network;
.LP
e)
tariff and marketing studies;
.LP
f
)
forecasting;
.LP
g)
dimensioning, planning and administration of the common
channel signalling network;
.LP
h)
performance monitoring of the common channel signalling
network.
.bp
.PP
The information generated by the exchange (see
Recommendation\ Q.544) can be provided to the end user in either real\(hytime
or
non real\(hytime (post processed). The activities being performed by the
end user will dictate the speed of this response: for example, operation
and maintenance will require real\(hytime information while the forecasting
and planning
information can be provided after the event in non real\(hytime.
.PP
For these activities, the following major processing steps can be
identified:
.RT
.LP
\(em
generation, collection and storage of data;
.LP
\(em
analysis and processing of data;
.LP
\(em
presentation and use of the analysis results.
.PP
The generation, collection and output of raw data is achieved by continuous
as well as periodic and non\(hyperiodic measurements carried out in the
exchange.
.PP
The data analysis may be performed by the SPC exchange or by another system
depending on the following:
.RT
.LP
\(em
total amount of data;
.LP
\(em
need for analysis of data from multiple exchange;
.LP
\(em
processor load constraints.
.PP
For further information see Recommendation E.503.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTraffic measurement\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fITraffic measurement model\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This section establishes the basic structure for a traffic
measurement model that can be applied to measurements of traffic generated
by the basic telephony service.
.PP
Measurements of traffic generated by ISDN services and common channel signalling
systems is for further study.
.PP
A measurement is identified by three basic elements: time, entities, objects.
Time includes all the necessary information to define the start, the duration
and periodicity of a certain measurement. Entities describe the
quantities for which data collection must be performed with a certain
measurement. Objects are individual items on which the measurements are
performed. Some examples of entities and objects are given below:
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR \v'2p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
traffic volume;
.LP
\(em
number of call attempts;
.LP
\(em
number of seizures;
.LP
\(em
number of successful call attempts;
.LP
\(em
number of call attempts for which a delay exceeds a
predetermined threshold value.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIObjects:\fR \v'2p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
subscriber line groups;
.LP
\(em
circuit groups;
.LP
\(em
common control units;
.LP
\(em
auxiliary devices;
.LP
\(em
destinations;
.LP
\(em
common channel signalling links;
.LP
\(em
signal transfer points (STP).
.PP
The measurements are classified into different measurement types on the
basis of a measurement matrix in which each row represents an entity and
each column represents an object (Figure\ 1/E.502).
.PP
A measurement type is a particular combination of entities and objects
corresponding to certain entries in the measurement matrix. Part of these
measurement types may be standardized while the rest of them seem to be
system\(hy and/or Administration\(hydependent. It should be noted that
all the entries in the measurement matrix cannot be used because some of
them will be impossible and some others may be meaningless. In all measurement
types,
.PP
the entities are fixed although some entities may not be measured for some
applications. Selected objects form an object list. In some measurement
types, the object list is fixed. In other types one can choose for the
actual
measurement some or all of the allowed objects. A measurement set is a
collection of measurement types.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 26P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/E.502, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fITraffic measurement structure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A traffic measurement consists of:
.RT
.LP
\(em
measurement set information;
.LP
\(em
time information;
.LP
\(em
output routing and scheduling information (output
parameters).
.PP
Measurement set information, time information and output routing and scheduling
information may be predefined as well as object lists. It should be noted
that predefinition characteristic are system\(hydependent. Time data
routing and the schedule may be fixed.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1
\fIMeasurement set information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measurement set information consists of one or several selected
measurement types with defined object (object lists) and
measurement\(hytype\(hydependent parameters (e.g.\ sampling interval, number of
events in a certain category, destination codes,\ etc.).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.2
\fITime information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measurements may have an undetermined duration (stop date is not
prespecified), or a predetermined duration, or be taken all the time. In
addition, measurements may be performed continuously or on a non\(hycontinuous
basis.
.PP
For measurements of undetermined duration and performed
non\(hycontinuously, the recording days must be determined on a periodic basis
(periodicity pattern within a calendar week). For measurements of predetermined
duration, the recording days may be determined on a periodic basis or by
defining the dates of the recording days (see Figure\ 2/E.502).
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 17P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/E.502, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
As shown in Figure\ 3/E.502, time data are measurement level,
recording day level and recording period level.
.LP
\fIMeasurement level:\fR \ | ontains information about dates of
recording
days for non\(hyperiodic measurements or periodicity pattern for periodic
measurements.
.LP
\fIRecording day level:\fR \ | ontains information about the start and
stop time for recording periods within a recording day.
.LP
\fIRecording period level:\fR \ | ontains information about the
periodicity of the data collection, controlled by the result
accumulation period. The result accumulation period can be shorter
than the recording period; in that case, more than one set of data is
collected for each of the recording periods, to be routed toward the
output media according to the results output schedule.
.LP
.rs
.sp 18P
.ad r
\fBFigure 3/E.502, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.3
\fIOutput routing and scheduling information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Output routing information defines to what destination the produced measurement
results should be routed for the recording; the output routing may be toward
either a physical medium (e.g.\ printer) or a logical medium
(e.g.\ file).
.PP
Output scheduling information defines when (days and time) the output of
the results is to be made. The output of results may be related to the
end of the result accumulation period.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBTraffic flows\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Each type of traffic flow occurring in/through the exchange can be distinguished
by association with an inlet
.FS
Inlet is the point on
or within the boundary of the exchange system where a call attempt arrives
or arises.
.FE
or outlet
.FS
Outlet is the point on or within the
boundary of the exchange system to which a call attempt bearing adequate and
valid dialling information would tend to be routed.
.FE
of the
exchange, or both. The different types of traffic flow for a generalized
exchange, viz. one that combines both local and transit functions and that
provides operator (telephonist) service, are illustrated as shown in
Figure\ 4/E.502:
.PP
From Figure\ 4/E.502 the following relations apply:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR = \fIE\fR + \fIF\fR + \fIG\fR + \fIH\fR + \fIZ\fR\d1\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIB\fR = \fII\fR + \fIJ\fR + \fIK\fR + \fIL\fR + \fIZ\fR\d\fBO\fR\ulFEOC
2
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIC\fR = \fIO\fR + \fIP\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fID\fR = \fIM\fR + \fIN\fR + \fIZ\fR\d3\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where \fIZ\fR\d1\u, \fIZ\fR\d\fBO\fR\ulFEOC
2 and \fIZ\fR\d3\uaccount for traffic flows
corresponding to calls with incomplete or invalid dialling information,
and
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIQ\fR = \fIM\fR + \fIF\fR + \fIK\fR + \fIO\fR \(em \fId\fR\d1\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIR\fR = \fIN\fR + \fIG\fR + \fIL\fR + \fIP\fR \(em \fId\fR\d2\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIS\fR = \fIH\fR + \fIJ\fR \(em \fId\fR\d3\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIT\fR = \fIE\fR + \fII\fR \(em \fId\fR\d4\u
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where \fId\fR\d1\u, \fId\fR\d2\u, \fId\fR\d3\uand \fId\fR\d4\uaccount for
traffic
flows corresponding to calls that fail within the exchange owing to any
of the following reasons:
.LP
a)
all suitable outlets are busy or unavailable;
.LP
b)
internal congestion
;
.LP
c)
incomplete dialling
;
.LP
d)
invalid destination code
;
.LP
e)
service barring/blocking (as a result of network management
controls, for instance, or the operation of some supplementary
service (e.g.\ absentee service), or because the calling/called
party is disallowed such service).
.PP
The types of calls, viz. \fIsystem\(hyoriginating\fR | all and
\fIsystem\(hyterminating\fR | alls, result from the operation of some of the
supplementary or value\(hyadded services that SPC exchanges offer in addition
to conventional telephone service. In the traffic flow diagram of Figure\
4/E.502, system\(hyoriginating and system\(hyterminating calls are identified
by the aggregate traffic flows\ \fIC\fR and \fIS\fR respectively.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBBasic measurement types\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fIGeneral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.1.1
Depending on the activities listed in \(sc\ 1, a different degree of detail
may be needed.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In order to provide bulk data for each of the above\(hymentioned
traffic categories, overall measurements can be performed on the totality of
subscriber lines and/or circuits.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 39P
.ad r
\fBFigure 4/E.502, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Such overall measurements have been taken into account in this
Recommendation only for the traffic items from\ \fIA\fR to\ \fIP\fR in
Figure\ 4/E.502, while they have not been considered for items\ \fIQ\fR
, \fIR\fR , \fIS\fR and \fIT\fR since, with the assumptions made above,
it is possible to achieve the
relevant information by taking into account the relationship between these
items and the measured ones. It is recognized that the overall measurement
results might be partitioned to cover various Administrations' needs. As an
example, in an international transit exchange, the traffic data measured
on the totality of incoming circuits should be split into data measured
on national
incoming circuits and international incoming circuits, and these in turn
could be differentiated according to the relevant country.
.PP
More detailed information on traffic data relevant to the exchange and
surrounding network performance can be provided by means of measurements
on
selected sets of circuit groups, subscriber line groups, common channel
signalling links, STPs, auxiliary and control units.
.bp
.PP
Very detailed traffic data can be obtained by the analysis of call
records.
.PP
These call records should be produced by the exchange,
containing all data (e.g.\ time of occurrence of signalling event, dialled
digits,\ etc.) characterizing each individual call attempt.
.PP
The basic measurement types are given in \(sc\ 4.2 below.
.PP
Their applicability will depend on the function of the exchange
(local, transit, international,\ etc.)
.PP
Manufacturers and Administrations are to note that the list of basic measurement
types is derived from the traffic model given in Figure\ 4/E.502. It is
not intended that every exchange system should contain all the different
measurement types. The measurement types are exchange\(hy and system\(hydependent,
and are intended as a guide to the type of measurements required to fulfil
various functions. Measurement types may be combined into a few sets to
enable requirements to be met for specific exchange types, e.g.\ local.
In particular Administrations may consider that by the use of a few measurement
types it is possible to satisfy the majority of their requirements.
.PP
No single measurement type can be assumed to be exclusive to a single user
or to satisfy a single requirement. More than one user may require the
same information presented in different ways at the same time. As an example,
measurement type\ 22 is required for both network management and traffic
engineering purposes.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.1.2
\fINetwork management considerations\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
4.1.2.1
Information on network management is contained in the E.410
Series of Recommendations. Network management requires \*Qreal\(hytime\*U
monitoring and measurement of network status and performance and the ability
to take
prompt action to control the flow of traffic when necessary.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1.2.2
\fIPerformance reports\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Performance reports can be provided by the exchange and/or its
network management operations system (OS) in the following ways, as required
by the Administration:
.RT
.LP
i)
automatic data \(em this data is provided automatically as
specified in the exchange or OS\ program;
.LP
ii)
scheduled data \(em this data is provided according to a schedule established
by the network manager;
.LP
iii)
demand data \(em this data is provided only in response to a
specific request by the network manager. In addition to
performance data, demand data includes reference data,
such as the number of circuits provided or available for
service, routing information, assigned threshold values,
numbers of installed switching system components,\ etc.;
.LP
iv)
exception data \(em this data is provided when a data count for
calculation exceeds a threshold established by the
network manager.
.PP
Data reports can be provided for example on a 5\(hyminute, 15\(hyminute
or 30\(hyminute basis. The specific interval for any data report will be
determined by the network manager. Historic data relating to the previous
two or three periods (5, 15 or 30\(hyminute) must also be available.
.PP
4.1.2.3
In order to obtain information and apply controls which may be
instrumental in reducing exchange congestion, Administration should ensure
that network management terminals and functions should have the highest
possible
priority, so that network management operations can continue uninterrupted.
.PP
4.1.2.4
Information as to which network
management controls, detailed in Recommendation\ E.412, are currently activated
and whether the controls were activated by manual or automatic means should
be available to all necessary points (for example, the network management
centre, exchange staff).
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1.3
\fITraffic engineering\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Information on measurements for planning purposes is given in
Recommendation\ E.500. For further details about requirements on measurement
lengths over the year and the day, data reporting intervals,\ etc., reference
should be made to that Recommendation.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.2
\fIMeasurements\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.1
\fIOverall measurements\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 1:\fR | verall measurements on originating traffic (\fIA\fR ).
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of subscriber lines.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of originating seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts not routed due to:
.LP
i)
no dialling (including permanent signal),
.LP
Not enough digits to discriminate if internal or outgoing call.
.FE
ii)
incomplete dialling
,
.LP
iii)
invalid address;
.LP
When possible, broken down by reason of congestion, e.g.\ c\(hy1
blocking through the switching network, c\(hy2 unavailability of common
resources, c\(hy3 system faults.
.FE
c)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion
.
.sp 1P
.LP
Entities may be broken down according to relevant traffic
flows.
.FE
\fIType\ 2:\fR | verall measurements on internal traffic
(\fIE\fR \ +\ \fIF\fR \ +\ \fIH\fR )
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of subscriber lines.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of internal seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal
congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts:
.LP
i)
with called\(hyparty busy,
.LP
ii)
with called\(hyparty free/no answer
.FS
Expiring of
time\(hyouts calling\(hyparty's abandon.
.FE
,
.LP
iii)
answered;
.LP
iv)
line out of order,
.LP
v)
vacant national number,
.LP
vi)
transferred subscriber;
.LP
d)
Number of unsuccessful call attempts due to incomplete
dialling
.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 3:\fR |
Overall measurements on originating outgoing
traffic
(\fIG\fR ).
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of subscriber lines.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of outgoing seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts in overflow on the last choice
route;
.LP
d)
Number of successful call attempts getting:
.LP
i)
no answer
.FS
Due to time\(hyout expiring or calling\(hyparty's abandon or called\(hyparty
busy.
.FE
,
.LP
ii)
answer or metering pulse(s);
.LP
e)
Number of unsuccessful call attempts due to incomplete
dialling
.
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 4:\fR |
Overall measurements on incoming traffic
(\fIB\fR ).
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of incoming circuits and both\(hyway circuits.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of incoming seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts not routed due to:
.LP
i)
incomplete dialling
,
.LP
ii)
invalid address;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 5:\fR |
Overall measurements on incoming terminating
traffic
(\fII\fR \ +\ \fIJ\fR \ +\ \fIK\fR )
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of incoming circuits and both\(hyway circuits.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of incoming terminating seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of successful call attempts:
.LP
i)
with called\(hyparty busy,
.LP
ii)
with called\(hyparty free/not answered,
.LP
iii)
answered or metering pulse(s);
.LP
d)
Number of unsuccessful call attempts due to incomplete
dialling.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 6:\fR |
Overall measurements on transit traffic
(\fIL\fR ).
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of incoming circuits and both\(hyway circuits.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of incoming transit seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts in overflow on the last\(hychoice
route;
.LP
d)
Number of successful call attempts obtaining:
.LP
Expiring of time\(hyout or receiving a release forward.
.FE
i)
no answer
.
.LP
ii)
no answer or metering pulse(s);
.LP
e)
Number of unsuccessful call attempts due to incomplete
dialling
.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 7:\fR |
Overall measurements on system originating
traffic
(\fIO\fR \ +\ \fIP\fR )
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | xchange system.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of system originating seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of successful call attempts:
.LP
i)
with called party busy or no free outlet,
.LP
ii)
with called party free/not answered (for \fIO\fR ),
.LP
iii)
answered.
.LP
.sp 1
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 8:\fR | verall measurements on operator\(hyoriginating
traffic (\fIM\fR \ +\ \fIN\fR )
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of operator board trunks.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of operator originating seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of unsuccessful call attempts due to:
.LP
i)
incomplete dialling,
.LP
ii)
invalid address,
.LP
iii)
internal congestion;
.LP
c)
Number of successful call attempts:
.LP
i)
with called party busy or no free outlet,
.LP
ii)
with called party free/not answered (for \fIM\fR ),
.LP
iii)
answered.
.sp 2P
.LP
4.2.2
\fIMeasurement on selectable objects\fR \v'3p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 9:\fR |
Incoming traffic measurements
.
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ach incoming circuit group and both\(hyway circuit
group.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of incoming seizures;
.LP
b)
Traffic volume;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts lost due to internal
congestion
;
.LP
d)
Number of circuits in service;
.LP
e)
Number of circuits out of service.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 10:\fR |
Outgoing traffic measurements
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ach outgoing circuit group and both\(hyway circuit
group.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of outgoing seizures;
.LP
b)
Traffic volume;
.LP
c)
Number of call attempts in overflow;
.LP
d)
Number of seizures obtaining answer;
.LP
e)
Number of circuits in service;
.LP
f
)
Number of circuits out of service;
.LP
g)
Number of dual seizures (both\(hyway circuits only).
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 11:\fR | oute destination traffic measurements.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | or destinations on each outgoing circuit group and
both\(hyway circuit group.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of outgoing seizures;
.LP
b)
Number of effective call attempts;
.LP
c)
Traffic volume;
.LP
d)
Number of call attempts, lost due to congestion on the
circuit group;
.LP
e)
Source (identity of incoming circuit group) \(em if
available.
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 12:\fR |
Measurements on subscriber line groups
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | et of lines composing a functional unit.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Originating traffic volume;
.LP
b)
Terminating traffic volume;
.LP
c)
Number of originating seizures;
.LP
d)
Number of terminating seizures;
.LP
e)
Number of terminating call attempts.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 13:\fR | easurements on auxiliary units
.FS
By
auxiliary units it is meant multifrequency code (MFC) receivers, tone
circuits,\ etc.
.FE
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | elected groups of auxiliary units.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Number of seizures;
.LP
b)
Traffic volume;
.LP
c)
Numbers of non\(hyserviced call attempts;
.LP
d)
Number of units in service;
.LP
e)
Number of units out of service.
.sp 2P
.LP
4.2.3
\fIMeasurements on control unit(s)\fR \v'3p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 14:\fR | easurements on control unit(s).
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ontrol unit(s).
.PP
These measurements are highly system\(hydependent and therefore no
specific recommendations on relevant entities can be made. However, it is
essential that systems have provisions for determining the utilization of
control units as required for dimensioning, planning, and grade of service
monitoring of the exchange.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.4
\fIMeasurements on call records\fR
.FS
The collection of the
totality of call attempts could cause an excessive load for the SPC system
resources, therefore such measurements might be performed on a sampling
basis.
.FE
\v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 15:\fR | raffic dispersion and duration.
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | riginating (by subscriber, exchange system, operator)
and/or incoming seizures (\fIA\fR \ +\ \fIB\fR \ +\ \fIC\fR \ +\ \fID\fR
).
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Source of inlet (local subscriber, exchange system or
incoming/both\(hyway circuit group);
.LP
b)
Time of seizure of inlet;
.LP
c)
Dialled digits;
.LP
d)
Service characteristic of call attempt
.FS
Whether the call attempt uses or seeks to use any of the supplementary
facilities of the
exchange; if so, the supplementary facility concerned shall be specifically
indicated.
.FE
for successful call attempt;
.LP
e)
Identity of exchange outlet;
.LP
f
)
Time of seizure of outlet;
.LP
g)
Time of occurrence of call attempt at exchange outlet;
.LP
h)
Time of address\(hycomplete signal (if available);
.LP
i)
Time of answer signal;
.LP
j)
Time of release of outlet;
.LP
k)
Time of release of inlet.
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 16:\fR |
Quality\(hyof\(hyservice assessment
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | riginating (by subscriber, exchange system, operator)
and/or incoming seizures (\fIA\fR \ +\ \fIB\fR \ +\ \fIC\fR \ +\ \fID\fR
).
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Source or inlet (local subscriber, exchange system or
incoming/both\(hyway inter\(hyoffice circuit group);
.LP
b)
Time of seizures of inlet;
.LP
c)
Dialled digits.
.LP
For unsuccessful call attempt, specify causes of failure:
.LP
d)
No dialling;
.LP
e)
Incomplete dialling;
.LP
f
)
Invalid address;
.LP
g)
No free outlet;
.LP
h)
Internal congestion;
.LP
i)
Due to network management action.
.LP
For successful call attempt:
.LP
j)
Order of routing choice (first, second,\ . | | , last) (when
considering the automatic repeated attempts and/or rerouting);
.LP
k)
Time of address\(hycomplete signal (undifferentiated subscriber free,
subscriber busy, backward congestion) (if available);
.LP
l)
Result of call attempt (answer, release due to abandon,
release due to congestion).
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.5
\fIDelay grade\(hyof\(hyservice (GOS) monitoring\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measuring delays on a per call basis could produce severe cost
penalties to the exchange. Since the accuracy requirements from the statistical
viewpoint are not very high, call sampling procedures or test calls are
normally sufficient for GOS monitoring purposes. For this reason these
measurement types are listed separately even if types\ 16 and\ 17 should
belong to \(sc\ 4.1 and measurement type\ 18 to \(sc\ 4.2.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.5.1
\fIOn a per exchange basis\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 17:\fR | verall delay grade\(hyof\(hyservice parameters
monitoring.
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of subscriber lines.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Total number of originating seizures;
.LP
b)
Total number of originating seizures for which the required information
for setting up a through connection is available for
processing in the exchange;
.LP
c)
Total number of originating seizures for which sufficient
address information has been received, which are addressed to
a certain outgoing circuit group and for which the seizing
signal or the corresponding address information is sent to the
subsequent exchange;
.LP
d)
Total number of originating seizures for which the dial tone delay exceeds
a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
e)
Seizures already counted in b) for which the
through\(hyconnection delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
f
)
Seizures already counted in c) for which the call
set\(hyup delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 18:\fR | verall delay grade\(hyof\(hyservice parameters monitoring.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otality of incoming or both\(hyway circuit groups.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Total number of incoming seizures;
.LP
b)
Total number of incoming seizures for which the required
information for setting up a through connection is available for
processing in the exchange for a certain circuit group;
.bp
.LP
c)
Total number of incoming seizures for which sufficient address information
has been received, which are addressed to a certain
outgoing circuit group and for which the seizing signal or the
corresponding address information is sent to the subsequent
exchange;
.LP
d)
Total number of incoming seizures for which the incoming
response delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
e)
Seizures already counted in b) for which the through\(hyconnection delay
exceeds a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
f
)
Seizures already counted in c) for which the call set\(hyup delay exceeds
a predetermined threshold value.
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.5.2
\fIOn per circuit group basis\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 19:\fR | elay grade\(hyof\(hyservice parameters monitoring.
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ach incoming or both\(hyway circuit group.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Total number of incoming seizures;
.LP
b)
Total number of incoming seizures for which the required
information for setting up a through connection is available for
processing in the exchange for a certain circuit group;
.LP
c)
Total number of incoming seizures for which sufficient
address information has been received, which are addressed to a certain
outgoing circuit group and for which the seizing signal or the
corresponding address information is sent to the subsequent
exchange;
.LP
d)
Total number of incoming seizures for which the incoming
response delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
e)
Seizures already counted in b) for which the
through\(hyconnection delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value;
.LP
f
)
Seizures already counted in c) for which the call
set\(hyup delay exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.6
\fINetwork performance monitoring\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIType\ 20:\fR |
Network management
.
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | otal exchange and its major
components, e.g.\ processor.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Bids;
.LP
b)
Incoming call queue length and overflows;
.LP
c)
Number and percentage of bids encountering switching
delays;
.LP
d)
Percentage of processor capacity available or in use;
.LP
e)
Cross exchange delay measurements;
.LP
f
)
Switching loss;
.LP
g)
Counts of calls blocked by automatic load shedding
actions.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 21:\fR | etwork management.
.FS
Although measurement type 21 is identified as being for network management,
it is also
required for traffic engineering purposes.
.FE
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ommon channel signalling system and links.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Counts of signalling units and percent occupancy of signal
links;
.LP
b)
Counts of outgoing Initial Address Messages (IAMs) and
incoming answer signals (ANC and ANN);
.bp
.LP
c)
Counts of incoming Initial Address Messages (IAMs) and
outgoing answer signals (ANC and ANN);
.LP
d)
Counts of changeovers;
.LP
e)
Counts of occurrences and duration of terminal buffer
overflow conditions;
.LP
f
)
Counts of circuit group congestion (CGC), National Network Congestion
(NNC), and/or Switching Equipment Congestion (SEC)
indications sent and received on the signalling link;
.LP
g)
Counts of calls overflowed or lost due to terminal buffer
overflow;
.LP
h)
Counts of Transfer\(hyProhibited (TFP) signals sent and
received on the link.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 22:\fR | etwork management.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | ach circuit group.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Bids;
.LP
b)
Seizures\ \(em\ outgoing and incoming;
.LP
c)
Answer signals received;
.LP
d)
Overflows;
.LP
e)
Traffic carried;
.LP
f
)
Number of circuits made busy to traffic;
.LP
g)
Transit bids;
.LP
h)
Incoming transit seizures;
.LP
i)
Counts of calls affected by network management control, by type of control.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIType\ 23:\fR | etwork management.
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIObject:\fR | estinations.
.LP
\fIEntities:\fR
.LP
a)
Bids;
.LP
b)
Seizures;
.LP
c)
Answer signals received;
.LP
d)
Overflows;
.LP
e)
Counts of calls affected by network management controls, by type of control
(\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This includes code block and call gap
controls).
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.7
\fIMeasurement of the performance of common channel signalling\fR
\fIsystems\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Measurement Type 21 (see \(sc 4.2.6) is required. Other measurement
types are for further study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.8
\fIMeasurement of the integrated services digital network and its\fR
\fIservices\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For further study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBRelated Recommendations\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The use of the analysed results will be dependent on the procedures in
each Administration. The list of Recommendations below are those
currently existing and covering many operational aspects. They are offered
only as a guide rather than a comprehensive and complete set.
.RT
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.500 defines the traffic intensity
measurement principles;
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.175 defines the network model for planning purposes;
.LP
\(em
E.410 Series of Recommendations provide information for
network management;
.bp
.LP
\(em
E.420 Series of Recommendations describe checking the
quality of the international telephone service;
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.506 defines the forecasting methods for
international traffic;
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.543 defines the grade of service in digital international
telephone exchanges;
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.503 defines the traffic measurement data
analysis;
.LP
\(em
Recommendation E.504 defines the traffic measurement
administration;
.LP
\(em
the O Series of Recomendations outline specifications of
measuring equipment;
.LP
\(em
the M Series of Recommendations detail many maintenance
aspects of international carrier and circuits;
.LP
\(em
The Q Series of Recommendations cover all aspects relating to common
channel signalling.
.LP
\(em
Recommendation Q.544 deals with exchange measurements.
\v'6p'
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation E.502)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
The purpose of this Annex is to identify the measurements to be made at
exchanges and the criteria needed to satisfy the basic measurement requirements,
and is produced to assist the exchange designers to ensure that these measurements
can be made.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Considering that an SPC digital exchange is mainly composed of
software with
few physical entities which can be identified as specific measurement points,
it is not possible to identify exactly where measurements should be taken.
However, the basic measurement types given in \(sc\ 4.2 require that it
be possible to differentiate between events occurring:
.LP
i)
from a customer/previous exchange node, arriving at an
exchange.
.LP
ii)
from an exchange to another exchange node/customer.
.LP
iii)
within an exchange.
.PP
In the three segments indicated above it is necessary to have the ability
to record the entities independently in each segment, as well as being
able to associate entities between segments.
.PP
The entities recorded are:
.RT
.LP
\(em
bids;
.LP
\(em
seizures;
.LP
\(em
effective calls;
.LP
\(em
congested bids;
.LP
\(em
traffic volume.
.PP
An exchange should categorize failed call attempts according to
the reason for the failure. However, the information available to the exchange
for this purpose may depend on the signalling system used and the
function and position of the exchange in the network relative to the failed
call attempts.
.PP
It should be noted that measurement type 15 is a call record which has
to be generated wholly within an exchange system. Also, measurement types\
20, 21, 22 and\ 23 are specific to network management requiring slightly
different criteria.
.PP
It shall be possible for any of the basic measurement types to be
amalgamated to form a unique measurement program to meet an Administration's
requirements. It shall also be possible to output measurement information to
more than one user. As an example, measurements may be in progress continuously
for traffic engineering purposes and, at a particular time (say for one
hour), measurements of the same type may be required for maintenance purposes.
The
output or recording of these two measurements must not interfere with each
other or with any other measurements being made at the same time, e.g.\ for
network management.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ E.503\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTRAFFIC\ MEASUREMENT\ DATA\ ANALYSIS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.503''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.503 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The aim of traffic measurements is to provide data that can be used by
an Administration for planning, engineering and managing its network. The
resulting measured data can be used to support various activities as stated
in Recommendation\ E.502. In order to reduce the amount of data transfer
and
off\(hyline processing, the exchange or operations system can be used to make
preliminary analyses for purposes of:
.RT
.LP
\(em
eliminating unnecessary data values;
.LP
\(em
replacing missing or wrong values in an approriate way;
.LP
\(em
performing simple calculations on the values of the basic
measurement entities to derive characteristic parameter values
of the traffic;
.LP
\(em
storing some measured or calculated values, in particular,
traffic data records;
.LP
\(em
producing appropriate user friendly report printouts.
.PP
For each measurement object, there is a data record in which a
certain number of traffic values are stored. Also, some calculated values,
e.g.\ moving average, can be stored and updated in this data record area.
.PP
The internal functions of the analysis are not specified here. They
depend on the requirements for the output results which are specified by the
Administration. An acceptable method may be to collect and store the data in
real time, either in a temporary data base file or directly in the traffic
data record, and later perform the calculations and report printout during
periods of low exchange processing activity. Alternatively, the records
can be
transferred to an off\(hyline system for processing, to reduce the load on the
exchange.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBPotential applications\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In order to provide bulk data for traffic and operational analysis, overall
measurements can be performed on the totality of subscriber lines
and/or circuits.
.PP
More specific information on traffic data relevant to the exchange and
surrounding network performance can be provided by means of measurements
on
selected sets of circuit groups, subscriber line groups, common channel
signalling links, auxiliary and control units.
.PP
Very detailed traffic data can be obtained by analysis of call
records. These call records should be produced by the exchange, containing
all the data (e.g.\ time of occurrence of signalling event, dialled digits,\
etc.)
characterizing each individual call attempt.
.PP
The relationships between the above measurements and the potential
applications are shown in
Table\ 1/E.503. The basic measurement
types are given
in Recommendation\ E.502. Their applicability will depend on the function
of the exchange (local, transit, international, etc.).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBTraffic analysis model\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Corresponding to a variety of measurements, there are a variety of analyses,
some of which are typically running continuously from day to day.
From the viewpoint of a particular measurement, there are one or more analyses
for which the measured data are written in particular files which are
.PP
included in the output device list of a measurement as logical devices.
These files are input files from the viewpoint of a
traffic analysis
and the process can be regarded as a transformation of the measurement
entities into
desired output information to the traffic analyst to aid in making various
decisions.
.PP
For example, various criteria for dimensioning and verification of the
grade of service could be produced by one or more analyses. A schematic
picture of the flow of information is presented in Figure\ 1/E.503 as an
activity
diagram.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBCuadro 1/E.503 [T1.503], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 27P
.ad r
\fBFigura 1/E.503, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
The following information is associated to each traffic
analysis:
.LP
\(em
identities of the related measurements;
.LP
\(em
parameter values which are user\(hyselectable to define the
desired option or mode of the analysis;
.LP
\(em
report dates of such report types for which the user must
define the printout schedule;
.LP
\(em
output devices for all report types.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBTraffic analysis administration\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
4.1
In order to administer traffic analysis, the operator should
perform a series of related activities and the system should support such
activities by suitable system functions. Details are given below.
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4.2
\fIList of tasks\fR
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.PP
The following list of tasks is not intended to be complete; it aims to
cover the operator's main activities in the area of traffic analysis
administration:
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a)
to define parameter values in the parameter list of the
analysis and to modify old values;
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b)
to define report dates for each type of report in a report
date list as required and to modify it;
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c)
to define output routing for each type of report by an
output routing list, as required, and to modify the dates;
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d)
to activate and/or deactivate the performance of the
analysis;
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e)
to retrieve different kinds of information related to
the existing traffic analysis;
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f
)
to administer traffic data records of the measurement
object which are included in the analysis.
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4.3
\fIList of system functions\fR
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.PP
The system should offer the following functions to support the jobs of
the operator and the analysis itself:
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a)
transfer of the measured data to the analysis;
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b)
scheduling of various functions within the analysis,
e.g.\ end\(hyof\(hyday calculation, report printout on report
dates,\ etc.
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c)
management of traffic data records;
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d)
management of analysis description data;
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e)
transfer of the identification and capacity information
of the measurement object to the analysis, e.g.\ title of a
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circuit group and the number of circuits assigned to it
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All
this information may or may not be available in the
collection of the measured data.
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;
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f
)
management of the printout of reports;
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g)
supervision control on the time delay of the various
operations associated with the analysis.
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4.4
\fIList of man\(hymachine language (MML) functions\fR
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Only a preliminary list of MML functions is presented below,
and the complete specifications of such functions will appear in the
Z\(hySeries Recommendations:
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define analysis parameters;
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define a report date list;
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define an output routing list;
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administer traffic data records;
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activate a traffic analysis;
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deactivate a traffic analysis;
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interrogate a traffic analysis;
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\(em
interrogate a traffic analysis versus measurements;
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\(em
interrogate an output routing list;
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interrogate analysis parameters;
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interrogate a report date list.
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\fBRecommendation\ E.504\fR
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.ce 1000
\fBTRAFFIC\ MEASUREMENT\ ADMINISTRATION\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.504''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Rec.\ E.504 %'
.ce 0
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\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
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Traffic measurement administration includes the scheduling and
control of traffic data collection, and production of reports for analysis.
The data collected by means of traffic measurements performed by the exchange
is output in a form suitable for on\(hyline or deferred analysis.
.PP
It may be useful to consider the concept of a generic Traffic
Measurement System (TMS) for purposes of administering traffic measurements.
Such a system may comprise elements of an exchange working in conjunction
with some combinations of remote data processors and associated devices
for output of measurement reports.
.PP
In order to administer traffic measurements, a series of related
man\(hymachine activities (referred to as \*Qtasks\*U) will need to be
performed
.PP
through one or more man\(hymachine interfaces, and supported by appropriate
system functions. Details are given below.
.PP
The traffic measurement output should contain the measured data
together with reference information about network conditions at the time
of the measurement which would assist in the data analysis, for example
the number of blocked devices on a route or temporary alternative routing
in
effect.
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\fB2\fR \fBList of tasks\fR
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\fB
The following list of tasks is not intended to be complete;
however, it aims to cover the essential activities in the area of the traffic
measurements administration. The TMS will provide
functions to support these tasks:
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a)
to create new measurements or measurement components and
to modify old ones, by selecting the measurement types,
schedules, object identities and parameters of the measurements
(WHAT, WHEN and HOW to measure);
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b)
to delete measurements or measurement components which
are no longer useful;
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c)
to define output routing and scheduling of measurement
results (WHEN and WHERE the result will be output);
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d)
to activate and/or to deactivate the scheduling of
the measurements that have been previously defined;
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e)
to retrieve the required categories of data related to
the existing measurements.
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\fB3\fR \fBList of system functions\fR
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.PP
To support the man\(hymachine tasks, the TMS should offer the
following functions:
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a)
a menu of traffic measurements;
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b)
scheduling of traffic measurement execution and
results output;
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c)
management of measurement's description data;
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d)
retrieving of measurement's description data.
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\fB4\fR \fBMan\(hymachine functions\fR
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.PP
A preliminary list of man\(hymachine functions needed to control the TMS
functions previously given is listed below; the complete specification
of such functions appears in the Z\(hySeries Recommendations:
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create a measurement;
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create a measurement set;
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create an object list;
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create a time data list;
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create an output routing list;
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create a results output schedule;
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modify a measurement;
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modify a measurement set;
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modify an object list;
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modify a time data list;
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modify an output routing list;
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modify a results output schedule;
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delete a measurement;
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delete a measurement set;
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delete an object list;
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delete a time data list;
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delete an output routing list;
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delete a results output schedule;
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activate a measurement;
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deactivate a measurement;
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interrogate a measurement;
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interrogate a measurement set;
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interrogate a measurement type;
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interrogate an object list;
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interrogate a time data list;
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interrogate an output routing list;
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\(em
interrogate a results output schedule.
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\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 110 = BLANCHE\fR
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